Rural libraries which often referred as village or community libraries are develop to meet the needs of rural community in Malaysia. The rural libraries also found everywhere else in the world such as in China, Nigeria, Kenya, South America countries and many more. However, few rural libraries in other countries closed due to reasons such as underutilised, financial constraint, etc. It is hoped that this phenomenon will not happen in Malaysia. This study aimed to develop a sustainability framework to ensure that the rural libraries will sustain in the community. The objectives of this study were; to identify the usage of rural libraries; to understand the challenges faced by rural libraries; to identify environmental sustainability characters of rural libraries; to classify economic sustainability characters of rural libraries; to recognize social sustainability characters of rural libraries; and to develop sustainability measurement framework of rural libraries. Six (6) rural libraries in Peninsular Malaysia were selected for this study, whereby the staffs, users and non-users were interviewed. The study proposed a framework for rural libraries sustainability consisting five (5) elements namely environment, economic, social, financial and intellectual capital. This study contributes to the establishment of new guidelines for rural libraries sustainability through the framework proposed.