Coupled effects of irradiance and iron on the growth of a harmful algal bloom-causing microalga Scrippsiella trochoidea

Effects of irradiance and iron on the growth of a typical harmful algal blooms (HABs) causative dinoflagellate,Scrippsiella trochoidea, were investigated under various irradiances (high light: 70 lmol m_2 s_1 and low light: 4 lmol m_2 s_1) and iron concentrations (low iron: 0.063 mg L_1, medium iron:0.63 mg L_1 and high iron: 6.3 mg L_1), and evaluated by the parameters of algal cell density, specific growth rate, optical density and chlorophyll a content. The results indicated that there was significant difference in the cell density of dinoflagellate S. trochoidea between high light and low light intensity treatments across the entire experiments, 7-fold higher at high irradiance as compared with low irradiance,which was further enhanced by the iron concentration. It was found that the maximum cell density of 25 _ 104 cell mL_1 occurred under the combination of high light intensity and high iron concentration, followed by 23 _ 104 cell mL_1 in the combination of high light and medium iron, and 20 _ 104 cell mL_1 in the combination of high light and low iron. There was no significant effect of iron concentration on the cell density under low light intensity. The cell density maintained about 3 _ 104 cell mL_1 across all combinations of iron concentrations and low light in the end of experiments. Such interactive effects of light intensity and iron level dependent were also observed for the specific growth rate, OD680 and chlorophyll a content of S. trochoidea. The maximum values of specific growth rate, OD680 and chlorophyll a content peaked at the condition of high irradiance and high iron, which were 0.22 d_1, 0.282 and 0.673 mg L_1, respectively. In general, their values increased significantly with the increasing of iron concentration at high irradiance, whereas no significant difference was observed among three iron concentrations at low irradiance, all remaining approximately 0.06 d_1, 0.03 and 0.050 mg L_1, respectively. Those results suggest thamay be a strong interactive effect between irradiance and iron on microalgal growth and their physiological characteristics. The combination of high light and high iron concentration may accelerate algal cell growth and pigment biosynthesis, thus leading to massive occurrence of HABs.