TY - JOUR
T1 - Deep learning for breast cancer classification
T2 - Enhanced tangent function
AU - Thapa, Ashu
AU - Alsadoon, Abeer
AU - Prasad, P. W.C.
AU - Bajaj, Simi
AU - Alsadoon, Omar Hisham
AU - Rashid, Tarik A.
AU - Ali, Rasha S.
AU - Jerew, Oday D.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Includes bibliographical references
PY - 2022/4
Y1 - 2022/4
N2 - Recently, deep learning using convolutional neural network (CNN) has been used successfully to classify the images of breast cells accurately. However, the accuracy of manual classification of those histopathological images is comparatively low. This research aims to increase the accuracy of the classification of breast cancer images by utilizing a patch-based classifier (PBC) along with deep learning architecture. The proposed system consists of a deep convolutional neural network that helps in enhancing and increasing the accuracy of the classification process. This is done by the use of the PBC. CNN has completely different layers where images are first fed through convolutional layers using hyperbolic tangent function together with the max-pooling layer, drop out layers, and SoftMax function for classification. Further, the output obtained is fed to a PBC that consists of patch-wise classification output followed by majority voting. The results are obtained throughout the classification stage for breast cancer images that are collected from breast-histology datasets. The proposed solution improves the accuracy of classification whether or not the images had normal, benign, in-situ, or invasive carcinoma from 87% to 94% with a decrease in processing time from 0.45 to 0.2 s on average. The proposed solution focused on increasing the accuracy of classifying cancer in the breast by enhancing the image contrast and reducing the vanishing gradient. Finally, this solution for the implementation of the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization technique and modified tangent function helps in increasing the accuracy.
AB - Recently, deep learning using convolutional neural network (CNN) has been used successfully to classify the images of breast cells accurately. However, the accuracy of manual classification of those histopathological images is comparatively low. This research aims to increase the accuracy of the classification of breast cancer images by utilizing a patch-based classifier (PBC) along with deep learning architecture. The proposed system consists of a deep convolutional neural network that helps in enhancing and increasing the accuracy of the classification process. This is done by the use of the PBC. CNN has completely different layers where images are first fed through convolutional layers using hyperbolic tangent function together with the max-pooling layer, drop out layers, and SoftMax function for classification. Further, the output obtained is fed to a PBC that consists of patch-wise classification output followed by majority voting. The results are obtained throughout the classification stage for breast cancer images that are collected from breast-histology datasets. The proposed solution improves the accuracy of classification whether or not the images had normal, benign, in-situ, or invasive carcinoma from 87% to 94% with a decrease in processing time from 0.45 to 0.2 s on average. The proposed solution focused on increasing the accuracy of classifying cancer in the breast by enhancing the image contrast and reducing the vanishing gradient. Finally, this solution for the implementation of the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization technique and modified tangent function helps in increasing the accuracy.
KW - all-path in one decision
KW - convolutional neural network (CNN)
KW - data augmentation
KW - deep learning
KW - majority voting
KW - one-patch in one decision
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85110192601&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1111/coin.12476
DO - 10.1111/coin.12476
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85110192601
SN - 1467-8640
VL - 38
SP - 506
EP - 529
JO - Computational Intelligence
JF - Computational Intelligence
IS - 2
ER -