Impact of coloured-rice derived phenolic extracts in modulating gene expression associated with B-cell dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes mellitus

β‐cell dysfunction (insufficient secretion of insulin) is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Consistent evidences have proposed reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced oxidative stress, resulting from over nutrition, as the main cause of impaired β‐cell function. ROS can induce DNA damage which disrupts intracellular signalling pathways, thereby dysregulating the expression of genes associated with insulin secretion. Persistent reduction
of insulin level leads to chronic hyperglycaemia and complicated T2DM.cPolyphenol‐rich diets have been shown to possess antioxidant properties that protect β‐cells from oxidative damage. Scientific studies have confirmed that various groups of polyphenols can ameliorate ‐cell dysfunction by modulating the expression of genes involved in insulin secretion pathways. Coloured rice‐derived polyphenols have been shown to have glucose lowering effects attributed to their antioxidant activities. However, whether coloured rice‐derived phenolic extracts can modulate the expression of gene involved in insulin secretion pathways has not yet been determined. This study will investigate the effect of coloured rice‐derived polyphenols on genes (Sirt1, Tfam, Glut2, GK and Ins1) associated with ‐cell function.