Implicit theories of the causes of weight gain in adults

This study sought to explore the range of beliefs about weightgain and whether these beliefs varied according to personal weightmanagement history. A questionnaire specifically designed for thestudy was completed by 376 participants (94 males, 282 females;mean age 43.65 years, SD=13.24). Principal component analysisidentified five causal attribution factors which were interpreted asLack-of-Self-Control, Lifestyle-Limitations, Psychological,Biological/Medical, and Modern-Living. The level of endorsementfor these causal attribution factors suggested an acknowledgementof the multiple causes to weight gain. However, the most highlyendorsed factor, Lack-of-Self Control, reflected the'commonsense' view of weight gain being a matter of overeating,under-exercising and lacking in self control. Personal weightmanagement history was found to be associated with variations inbeliefs with the more effort one had applied to weightmanagement; the more highly they endorsed causes both withinand outside of individual control.