Insect interactions with other pests (weeds, pathogens, nematodes)

Interactions between insects and other pests can be divided into two broad categories (Fig. 1). The first of these comprises interactions whereby insect pests have an effect on other organisms. These may be beneficial (e.g., pollination) or detrimental (e.g., disease transmission) to the organism concerned. The other major class of interaction involves impacts of other organisms on insect pests. Similarly, these interactions may harm the insect (e.g., predation, parasitism, and pathogenesis) or provide some kind of benefit (e.g., gut symbiosis).