Loss of Earth’s old, wise and large animals

R Keller Kopf, Sam C. Banks, Lauren Brent, Paul Humphries, Jolly Chris, Lee Phyllis, Luiz Osmar, Dale Nimmo, Kirk O. Winemiller

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Earth's old animals are in decline. Despite this, emerging research is revealing the vital contributions of older individuals to cultural transmission, population dynamics, and ecosystem processes and services. Often the largest and most experienced, old individuals are most valued by humans and make important contributions to reproduction, information acquisition and cultural transmission, trophic dynamics, and resistance and resilience to natural and anthropogenic disturbance. These observations contrast with the senescence-focused paradigm of old age that has dominated the literature for more than a century yet are consistent with findings from behavioral ecology and life history theory. In this work, we review why the global loss of old individuals can be particularly detrimental to long-lived animals with indeterminate growth; those with increasing reproductive output with age; and those dependent on migration, sociality, and cultural transmission for survival. Longevity conservation is needed to protect the important ecological roles and ecosystem services provided by old animals.
Original languageEnglish
Article numbereado2705
Pages (from-to)eado2705
Number of pages11
JournalScience (New York, N.Y.)
Volume387
Issue number6729
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 03 Jan 2025

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