Optimisation and standardisation of extraction and HPLC analysis of rice grain protein

Rice starch composition is considered to be the most important predictor of rice eating quality, however, rice eating quality is not wholly explained by starch since cultivars with very similar starch composition differ in eating quality. Protein constitutes 4%–10% of the milled rice grain and has very diverse properties, suggesting protein composition and not just protein content may contribute to rice grain eating quality. Although many analytical methods have been used to study cereal grain protein, the extraction and analysis of rice grain protein have not been optimised in the context of assessing and improving rice grain quality. In this study, different rice grain protein extraction techniques and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis methods were compared and optimised. The most efficient extraction solvents for prolamins and glutelins were 60% n-propanol and 5 M acetic acid, respectively, and optimised HPLC methods were developed for each of these extracts. These optimised, standardised and reproducible methods distinguish between the proteins of basmati, long, medium and sushi rice grains and quantify differences which might contribute to their different eating qualities.