Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA

KAGRA Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration

doi:10.1007/s41114-020-00026-9

Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA

KAGRA Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

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Abstract

We present our current best estimate of the plausible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next several years, with the intention of providing information to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals for the third (O3), fourth (O4) and fifth observing (O5) runs, including the planned upgrades of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. We study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source for gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary systems of compact objects, that is binary neutron star, neutron star–black hole, and binary black hole systems. The ability to localize the sources is given as a sky-area probability, luminosity distance, and comoving volume. The median sky localization area (90% credible region) is expected to be a few hundreds of square degrees for all types of binary systems during O3 with the Advanced LIGO and Virgo (HLV) network. The median sky localization area will improve to a few tens of square degrees during O4 with the Advanced LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (HLVK) network. During O3, the median localization volume (90% credible region) is expected to be on the order of 105,106,107Mpc3 for binary neutron star, neutron star–black hole, and binary black hole systems, respectively. The localization volume in O4 is expected to be about a factor two smaller than in O3. We predict a detection count of 1-1+12(10-10+52) for binary neutron star mergers, of 0-0+19(1-1+91) for neutron star–black hole mergers, and 17-11+22(79-44+89) for binary black hole mergers in a one-calendar-year observing run of the HLV network during O3 (HLVK network during O4). We evaluate sensitivity and localization expectations for unmodeled signal searches, including the search for intermediate mass black hole binary mergers.

Original language	English
Article number	3
Pages (from-to)	1-69
Number of pages	69
Journal	Living Reviews in Relativity
Volume	23
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-020-00026-9
Publication status	Published - 01 Dec 2020

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10.1007/s41114-020-00026-9

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Cite this

@article{26608a20a7e84693ba501c85cc426363,

title = "Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA",

abstract = "We present our current best estimate of the plausible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next several years, with the intention of providing information to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals for the third (O3), fourth (O4) and fifth observing (O5) runs, including the planned upgrades of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. We study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source for gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary systems of compact objects, that is binary neutron star, neutron star–black hole, and binary black hole systems. The ability to localize the sources is given as a sky-area probability, luminosity distance, and comoving volume. The median sky localization area (90% credible region) is expected to be a few hundreds of square degrees for all types of binary systems during O3 with the Advanced LIGO and Virgo (HLV) network. The median sky localization area will improve to a few tens of square degrees during O4 with the Advanced LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (HLVK) network. During O3, the median localization volume (90% credible region) is expected to be on the order of 105,106,107Mpc3 for binary neutron star, neutron star–black hole, and binary black hole systems, respectively. The localization volume in O4 is expected to be about a factor two smaller than in O3. We predict a detection count of 1-1+12(10-10+52) for binary neutron star mergers, of 0-0+19(1-1+91) for neutron star–black hole mergers, and 17-11+22(79-44+89) for binary black hole mergers in a one-calendar-year observing run of the HLV network during O3 (HLVK network during O4). We evaluate sensitivity and localization expectations for unmodeled signal searches, including the search for intermediate mass black hole binary mergers.",

keywords = "Data analysis, Electromagnetic counterparts, Gravitational waves, Gravitational-wave detectors",

author = "{KAGRA Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration} and Abbott, {B. P.} and R. Abbott and Abbott, {T. D.} and S. Abraham and F. Acernese and K. Ackley and C. Adams and Adya, {V. B.} and C. Affeldt and M. Agathos and K. Agatsuma and N. Aggarwal and Aguiar, {O. D.} and L. Aiello and A. Ain and P. Ajith and T. Akutsu and G. Allen and A. Allocca and Aloy, {M. A.} and Altin, {P. A.} and A. Amato and A. Ananyeva and Anderson, {S. B.} and Anderson, {W. G.} and M. Ando and Angelova, {S. V.} and S. Antier and S. Appert and K. Arai and Koya Arai and Y. Arai and S. Araki and A. Araya and Araya, {M. C.} and Areeda, {J. S.} and M. Ar{\`e}ne and N. Aritomi and N. Arnaud and Arun, {K. G.} and S. Ascenzi and G. Ashton and Y. Aso and Aston, {S. M.} and P. Astone and F. Aubin and P. Aufmuth and K. AultONeal and C. Austin and V. Avendano and A. Avila-Alvarez and S. Babak and P. Bacon and F. Badaracco and Bader, {M. K.M.} and Bae, {S. W.} and Bae, {Y. B.} and L. Baiotti and R. Bajpai and Baker, {P. T.} and F. Baldaccini and G. Ballardin and Ballmer, {S. W.} and S. Banagiri and Barayoga, {J. C.} and Barclay, {S. E.} and Barish, {B. C.} and D. Barker and K. Barkett and S. Barnum and F. Barone and B. Barr and L. Barsotti and M. Barsuglia and D. Barta and J. Bartlett and Barton, {M. A.} and I. Bartos and R. Bassiri and A. Basti and M. Bawaj and Bayley, {J. C.} and M. Bazzan and B. B{\'e}csy and M. Bejger and I. Belahcene and Bell, {A. S.} and D. Beniwal and Berger, {B. K.} and G. Bergmann and S. Bernuzzi and Bero, {J. J.} and Berry, {C. P.L.} and D. Bersanetti and A. Bertolini and J. Betzwieser and R. Bhandare and J. Bidler and Bilenko, {I. A.} and Bilgili, {S. A.} and G. Billingsley and J. Birch and R. Birney and O. Birnholtz and S. Biscans and S. Biscoveanu and A. Bisht and M. Bitossi and Bizouard, {M. A.} and Blackburn, {J. K.} and Blair, {C. D.} and Blair, {D. G.} and Blair, {R. M.} and S. Bloemen and N. Bode and M. Boer and Y. Boetzel and G. Bogaert and F. Bondu and E. Bonilla and R. Bonnand and P. Booker and Boom, {B. A.} and Booth, {C. D.} and R. Bork and V. Boschi and S. Bose and K. Bossie and V. Bossilkov and J. Bosveld and Y. Bouffanais and A. Bozzi and C. Bradaschia and Brady, {P. R.} and A. Bramley and M. Branchesi and Brau, {J. E.} and T. Briant and Briggs, {J. H.} and F. Brighenti and A. Brillet and M. Brinkmann and V. Brisson and P. Brockill and Brooks, {A. F.} and Brown, {D. A.} and Brown, {D. D.} and S. Brunett and A. Buikema and T. Bulik and Bulten, {H. J.} and A. Buonanno and D. Buskulic and C. Buy and Byer, {R. L.} and M. Cabero and L. Cadonati and G. Cagnoli and C. Cahillane and Bustillo, {J. Calder{\'o}n} and Callister, {T. A.} and E. Calloni and Camp, {J. B.} and Campbell, {W. A.} and M. Canepa and Cannon, {K. C.} and Cannon, {K. C.} and H. Cao and J. Cao and E. Capocasa and F. Carbognani and S. Caride and Carney, {M. F.} and G. Carullo and Diaz, {J. Casanueva} and C. Casentini and S. Caudill and M. Cavagli{\`a} and F. Cavalier and R. Cavalieri and G. Cella and P. Cerd{\'a}-Dur{\'a}n and G. Cerretani and E. Cesarini and O. Chaibi and K. Chakravarti and Chamberlin, {S. J.} and Chan, {M. L.} and Chan, {M. L.} and S. Chao and P. Charlton and Chase, {E. A.} and E. Chassande-Mottin and D. Chatterjee and M. Chaturvedi and K. Chatziioannou and Cheeseboro, {B. D.} and Chen, {C. S.} and Chen, {H. Y.} and Chen, {K. H.} and X. Chen and Y. Chen and Chen, {Y. R.} and Cheng, {H. P.} and Cheong, {C. K.} and Chia, {H. Y.} and A. Chincarini and A. Chiummo and G. Cho and Cho, {H. S.} and M. Cho and N. Christensen and Chu, {H. Y.} and Q. Chu and Chu, {Y. K.} and S. Chua and Chung, {K. W.} and S. Chung and G. Ciani and Ciobanu, {A. A.} and R. Ciolfi and F. Cipriano and A. Cirone and F. Clara and Clark, {J. A.} and P. Clearwater and F. Cleva and C. Cocchieri and E. Coccia and Cohadon, {P. F.} and D. Cohen and R. Colgan and M. Colleoni and Collette, {C. G.} and C. Collins and Cominsky, {L. R.} and M. Constancio and L. Conti and Cooper, {S. J.} and P. Corban and Corbitt, {T. R.} and I. Cordero-Carri{\'o}n and Corley, {K. R.} and N. Cornish and A. Corsi and S. Cortese and Costa, {C. A.} and R. Cotesta and Coughlin, {M. W.} and Coughlin, {S. B.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) for the construction and operation of the LIGO Laboratory and Advanced LIGO as well as the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom, the Max Planck Society (MPS), and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction of Advanced LIGO and construction and operation of the GEO600 detector. Additional support for Advanced LIGO was provided by the Australian Research Council. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector and the creation and support of the EGO consortium. The authors also gratefully acknowledge research support from these agencies as well as by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, the Department of Science and Technology, India, the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigaci{\'o}n, the Vicepresid{\`e}ncia i Conselleria d{\textquoteright}Innovaci{\'o}, Recerca i Turisme and the Conselleria d{\textquoteright}Educaci{\'o} i Universitat del Govern de les Illes Balears, the Conselleria d{\textquoteright}Educaci{\'o}, Investigaci{\'o}, Cultura i Esport de la Generalitat Valenciana, the National Science Centre of Poland, the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Russian Science Foundation, the European Commission, the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), the Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO), the Paris {\^I}le-de-France Region, the National Research, Development and Innovation Office Hungary (NKFIH), the National Research Foundation of Korea, Industry Canada and the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Canada, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations, and Communications, the International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR), the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Leverhulme Trust, the Research Corporation, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan and the Kavli Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSF, STFC, INFN and CNRS for provision of computational resources. This work was supported by MEXT, JSPS Leading-edge Research Infrastructure Program, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research 26000005, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas 2905: JP17H06358, JP17H06361 and JP17H06364, JSPS Core-to-Core Program A. Advanced Research Networks, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 17H06133, the joint research program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo in Japan, National Research Foundation (NRF) and Computing Infrastructure Project of KISTI-GSDC in Korea, Academia Sinica (AS), AS Grid Center (ASGC) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) in Taiwan under grants including AS-CDA-105-M06. This article has been assigned LIGO Document number P1200087, Virgo Document number VIR-0288A-12, and KAGRA Document number JGW-P1808427. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020, The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

year = "2020",

month = dec,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1007/s41114-020-00026-9",

language = "English",

volume = "23",

pages = "1--69",

journal = "Living Reviews in Relativity",

issn = "2367-3613",

publisher = "Albert Einstein Institut",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA

AU - KAGRA Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration

AU - Abbott, B. P.

AU - Abbott, R.

AU - Abbott, T. D.

AU - Abraham, S.

AU - Acernese, F.

AU - Ackley, K.

AU - Adams, C.

AU - Adya, V. B.

AU - Affeldt, C.

AU - Agathos, M.

AU - Agatsuma, K.

AU - Aggarwal, N.

AU - Aguiar, O. D.

AU - Aiello, L.

AU - Ain, A.

AU - Ajith, P.

AU - Akutsu, T.

AU - Allen, G.

AU - Allocca, A.

AU - Aloy, M. A.

AU - Altin, P. A.

AU - Amato, A.

AU - Ananyeva, A.

AU - Anderson, S. B.

AU - Anderson, W. G.

AU - Ando, M.

AU - Angelova, S. V.

AU - Antier, S.

AU - Appert, S.

AU - Arai, K.

AU - Arai, Koya

AU - Arai, Y.

AU - Araki, S.

AU - Araya, A.

AU - Araya, M. C.

AU - Areeda, J. S.

AU - Arène, M.

AU - Aritomi, N.

AU - Arnaud, N.

AU - Arun, K. G.

AU - Ascenzi, S.

AU - Ashton, G.

AU - Aso, Y.

AU - Aston, S. M.

AU - Astone, P.

AU - Aubin, F.

AU - Aufmuth, P.

AU - AultONeal, K.

AU - Austin, C.

AU - Avendano, V.

AU - Avila-Alvarez, A.

AU - Babak, S.

AU - Bacon, P.

AU - Badaracco, F.

AU - Bader, M. K.M.

AU - Bae, S. W.

AU - Bae, Y. B.

AU - Baiotti, L.

AU - Bajpai, R.

AU - Baker, P. T.

AU - Baldaccini, F.

AU - Ballardin, G.

AU - Ballmer, S. W.

AU - Banagiri, S.

AU - Barayoga, J. C.

AU - Barclay, S. E.

AU - Barish, B. C.

AU - Barker, D.

AU - Barkett, K.

AU - Barnum, S.

AU - Barone, F.

AU - Barr, B.

AU - Barsotti, L.

AU - Barsuglia, M.

AU - Barta, D.

AU - Bartlett, J.

AU - Barton, M. A.

AU - Bartos, I.

AU - Bassiri, R.

AU - Basti, A.

AU - Bawaj, M.

AU - Bayley, J. C.

AU - Bazzan, M.

AU - Bécsy, B.

AU - Bejger, M.

AU - Belahcene, I.

AU - Bell, A. S.

AU - Beniwal, D.

AU - Berger, B. K.

AU - Bergmann, G.

AU - Bernuzzi, S.

AU - Bero, J. J.

AU - Berry, C. P.L.

AU - Bersanetti, D.

AU - Bertolini, A.

AU - Betzwieser, J.

AU - Bhandare, R.

AU - Bidler, J.

AU - Bilenko, I. A.

AU - Bilgili, S. A.

AU - Billingsley, G.

AU - Birch, J.

AU - Birney, R.

AU - Birnholtz, O.

AU - Biscans, S.

AU - Biscoveanu, S.

AU - Bisht, A.

AU - Bitossi, M.

AU - Bizouard, M. A.

AU - Blackburn, J. K.

AU - Blair, C. D.

AU - Blair, D. G.

AU - Blair, R. M.

AU - Bloemen, S.

AU - Bode, N.

AU - Boer, M.

AU - Boetzel, Y.

AU - Bogaert, G.

AU - Bondu, F.

AU - Bonilla, E.

AU - Bonnand, R.

AU - Booker, P.

AU - Boom, B. A.

AU - Booth, C. D.

AU - Bork, R.

AU - Boschi, V.

AU - Bose, S.

AU - Bossie, K.

AU - Bossilkov, V.

AU - Bosveld, J.

AU - Bouffanais, Y.

AU - Bozzi, A.

AU - Bradaschia, C.

AU - Brady, P. R.

AU - Bramley, A.

AU - Branchesi, M.

AU - Brau, J. E.

AU - Briant, T.

AU - Briggs, J. H.

AU - Brighenti, F.

AU - Brillet, A.

AU - Brinkmann, M.

AU - Brisson, V.

AU - Brockill, P.

AU - Brooks, A. F.

AU - Brown, D. A.

AU - Brown, D. D.

AU - Brunett, S.

AU - Buikema, A.

AU - Bulik, T.

AU - Bulten, H. J.

AU - Buonanno, A.

AU - Buskulic, D.

AU - Buy, C.

AU - Byer, R. L.

AU - Cabero, M.

AU - Cadonati, L.

AU - Cagnoli, G.

AU - Cahillane, C.

AU - Bustillo, J. Calderón

AU - Callister, T. A.

AU - Calloni, E.

AU - Camp, J. B.

AU - Campbell, W. A.

AU - Canepa, M.

AU - Cannon, K. C.

AU - Cao, H.

AU - Cao, J.

AU - Capocasa, E.

AU - Carbognani, F.

AU - Caride, S.

AU - Carney, M. F.

AU - Carullo, G.

AU - Diaz, J. Casanueva

AU - Casentini, C.

AU - Caudill, S.

AU - Cavaglià, M.

AU - Cavalier, F.

AU - Cavalieri, R.

AU - Cella, G.

AU - Cerdá-Durán, P.

AU - Cerretani, G.

AU - Cesarini, E.

AU - Chaibi, O.

AU - Chakravarti, K.

AU - Chamberlin, S. J.

AU - Chan, M. L.

AU - Chao, S.

AU - Charlton, P.

AU - Chase, E. A.

AU - Chassande-Mottin, E.

AU - Chatterjee, D.

AU - Chaturvedi, M.

AU - Chatziioannou, K.

AU - Cheeseboro, B. D.

AU - Chen, C. S.

AU - Chen, H. Y.

AU - Chen, K. H.

AU - Chen, X.

AU - Chen, Y.

AU - Chen, Y. R.

AU - Cheng, H. P.

AU - Cheong, C. K.

AU - Chia, H. Y.

AU - Chincarini, A.

AU - Chiummo, A.

AU - Cho, G.

AU - Cho, H. S.

AU - Cho, M.

AU - Christensen, N.

AU - Chu, H. Y.

AU - Chu, Q.

AU - Chu, Y. K.

AU - Chua, S.

AU - Chung, K. W.

AU - Chung, S.

AU - Ciani, G.

AU - Ciobanu, A. A.

AU - Ciolfi, R.

AU - Cipriano, F.

AU - Cirone, A.

AU - Clara, F.

AU - Clark, J. A.

AU - Clearwater, P.

AU - Cleva, F.

AU - Cocchieri, C.

AU - Coccia, E.

AU - Cohadon, P. F.

AU - Cohen, D.

AU - Colgan, R.

AU - Colleoni, M.

AU - Collette, C. G.

AU - Collins, C.

AU - Cominsky, L. R.

AU - Constancio, M.

AU - Conti, L.

AU - Cooper, S. J.

AU - Corban, P.

AU - Corbitt, T. R.

AU - Cordero-Carrión, I.

AU - Corley, K. R.

AU - Cornish, N.

AU - Corsi, A.

AU - Cortese, S.

AU - Costa, C. A.

AU - Cotesta, R.

AU - Coughlin, M. W.

AU - Coughlin, S. B.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) for the construction and operation of the LIGO Laboratory and Advanced LIGO as well as the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom, the Max Planck Society (MPS), and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction of Advanced LIGO and construction and operation of the GEO600 detector. Additional support for Advanced LIGO was provided by the Australian Research Council. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector and the creation and support of the EGO consortium. The authors also gratefully acknowledge research support from these agencies as well as by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, the Department of Science and Technology, India, the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación, the Vicepresidència i Conselleria d’Innovació, Recerca i Turisme and the Conselleria d’Educació i Universitat del Govern de les Illes Balears, the Conselleria d’Educació, Investigació, Cultura i Esport de la Generalitat Valenciana, the National Science Centre of Poland, the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Russian Science Foundation, the European Commission, the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), the Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO), the Paris Île-de-France Region, the National Research, Development and Innovation Office Hungary (NKFIH), the National Research Foundation of Korea, Industry Canada and the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Canada, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations, and Communications, the International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR), the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Leverhulme Trust, the Research Corporation, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan and the Kavli Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSF, STFC, INFN and CNRS for provision of computational resources. This work was supported by MEXT, JSPS Leading-edge Research Infrastructure Program, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research 26000005, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas 2905: JP17H06358, JP17H06361 and JP17H06364, JSPS Core-to-Core Program A. Advanced Research Networks, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 17H06133, the joint research program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo in Japan, National Research Foundation (NRF) and Computing Infrastructure Project of KISTI-GSDC in Korea, Academia Sinica (AS), AS Grid Center (ASGC) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) in Taiwan under grants including AS-CDA-105-M06. This article has been assigned LIGO Document number P1200087, Virgo Document number VIR-0288A-12, and KAGRA Document number JGW-P1808427. Publisher Copyright: © 2020, The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2020/12/1

Y1 - 2020/12/1

N2 - We present our current best estimate of the plausible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next several years, with the intention of providing information to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals for the third (O3), fourth (O4) and fifth observing (O5) runs, including the planned upgrades of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. We study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source for gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary systems of compact objects, that is binary neutron star, neutron star–black hole, and binary black hole systems. The ability to localize the sources is given as a sky-area probability, luminosity distance, and comoving volume. The median sky localization area (90% credible region) is expected to be a few hundreds of square degrees for all types of binary systems during O3 with the Advanced LIGO and Virgo (HLV) network. The median sky localization area will improve to a few tens of square degrees during O4 with the Advanced LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (HLVK) network. During O3, the median localization volume (90% credible region) is expected to be on the order of 105,106,107Mpc3 for binary neutron star, neutron star–black hole, and binary black hole systems, respectively. The localization volume in O4 is expected to be about a factor two smaller than in O3. We predict a detection count of 1-1+12(10-10+52) for binary neutron star mergers, of 0-0+19(1-1+91) for neutron star–black hole mergers, and 17-11+22(79-44+89) for binary black hole mergers in a one-calendar-year observing run of the HLV network during O3 (HLVK network during O4). We evaluate sensitivity and localization expectations for unmodeled signal searches, including the search for intermediate mass black hole binary mergers.

AB - We present our current best estimate of the plausible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next several years, with the intention of providing information to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals for the third (O3), fourth (O4) and fifth observing (O5) runs, including the planned upgrades of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. We study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source for gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary systems of compact objects, that is binary neutron star, neutron star–black hole, and binary black hole systems. The ability to localize the sources is given as a sky-area probability, luminosity distance, and comoving volume. The median sky localization area (90% credible region) is expected to be a few hundreds of square degrees for all types of binary systems during O3 with the Advanced LIGO and Virgo (HLV) network. The median sky localization area will improve to a few tens of square degrees during O4 with the Advanced LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (HLVK) network. During O3, the median localization volume (90% credible region) is expected to be on the order of 105,106,107Mpc3 for binary neutron star, neutron star–black hole, and binary black hole systems, respectively. The localization volume in O4 is expected to be about a factor two smaller than in O3. We predict a detection count of 1-1+12(10-10+52) for binary neutron star mergers, of 0-0+19(1-1+91) for neutron star–black hole mergers, and 17-11+22(79-44+89) for binary black hole mergers in a one-calendar-year observing run of the HLV network during O3 (HLVK network during O4). We evaluate sensitivity and localization expectations for unmodeled signal searches, including the search for intermediate mass black hole binary mergers.

KW - Data analysis

KW - Electromagnetic counterparts

KW - Gravitational waves

KW - Gravitational-wave detectors

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85091656606&partnerID=8YFLogxK

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U2 - 10.1007/s41114-020-00026-9

DO - 10.1007/s41114-020-00026-9

M3 - Review article

C2 - 33015351

AN - SCOPUS:85091656606

SN - 2367-3613

VL - 23

SP - 1

EP - 69

JO - Living Reviews in Relativity

JF - Living Reviews in Relativity

IS - 1

M1 - 3

ER -

Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA

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