TY - JOUR
T1 - Raman imaging and chemometrics evaluation of natural and synthetic beeswaxes as matrices for nanostructured lipid carriers development
AU - Mitsutake, Hery
AU - Da Silva, Gustavo Henrique Rodrigues
AU - De Morais Ribeiro, Lígia Nunes
AU - De Paula, Eneida
AU - Poppi, Ronei J.
AU - Rutledge, Douglas N.
AU - Breitkreitz, Márcia C.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP [2016/05636-9], Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico ? CNPq [H.M. scholarship ? 142441/2015? 5], Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES [Finance Code 001] and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica - INCT-Bioanalitica [FAPESP/INCT 14/50867-3; CNPq/INCT 465389/2014?7] for financial support; GM Ceras and Megh Indústria e Comércio for the donation of beeswaxes.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 DKK Comunicacao. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Beeswaxes are interesting solid lipids for the development of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), and their origin can be either natural or synthetic. Due to this difference, their performance should be distinct and unstable formulations can be generated. The objective of this work was to investigate miscibility and structural changes (polymorphism) in pre-formulations (blends of solid and liquid lipids) using synthetic and natural beeswaxes in combination with copaiba oil (a natural liquid lipid), in the concentration range of 5.0 to 50.0% (w/w). Raman spectra were acquired over a region of 4 mm2 (mapping mode), dead pixels were removed using Independent Components Analysis (ICA) and Multivariate Curve Resolution Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) was then used to generate the images. Samples were analyzed at the initial time and after 3 months, using the Distributional Homogeneity Index (DHI) and standard deviation of the histograms. The pre-formulation containing synthetic beeswax showed different structural forms before and after melting, and structural changes over time, depending on the amount of the liquid lipid incorporated. These results demonstrate how spectroscopic imaging techniques can be valuable in pharmaceutical development, as well as the importance of choosing the type and proportion of solid lipid to achieve stable NLC formulations.
AB - Beeswaxes are interesting solid lipids for the development of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), and their origin can be either natural or synthetic. Due to this difference, their performance should be distinct and unstable formulations can be generated. The objective of this work was to investigate miscibility and structural changes (polymorphism) in pre-formulations (blends of solid and liquid lipids) using synthetic and natural beeswaxes in combination with copaiba oil (a natural liquid lipid), in the concentration range of 5.0 to 50.0% (w/w). Raman spectra were acquired over a region of 4 mm2 (mapping mode), dead pixels were removed using Independent Components Analysis (ICA) and Multivariate Curve Resolution Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) was then used to generate the images. Samples were analyzed at the initial time and after 3 months, using the Distributional Homogeneity Index (DHI) and standard deviation of the histograms. The pre-formulation containing synthetic beeswax showed different structural forms before and after melting, and structural changes over time, depending on the amount of the liquid lipid incorporated. These results demonstrate how spectroscopic imaging techniques can be valuable in pharmaceutical development, as well as the importance of choosing the type and proportion of solid lipid to achieve stable NLC formulations.
KW - Beeswax
KW - Copaiba oil
KW - DHI
KW - ICA
KW - MCR-ALS
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U2 - 10.30744/BRJAC.2179-3425.AR-13-2021
DO - 10.30744/BRJAC.2179-3425.AR-13-2021
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85106618086
VL - 8
SP - 116
EP - 130
JO - Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JF - Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry
SN - 2179-3425
IS - 32
ER -