Search for gravitational waves emitted from SN2023ixf

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration; The Virgo Collaboration; the KAGRA Collaboration; A. G. Abac; R. Abbott; I. Abouelfettouh; F. Acernese; K. Ackley; S. Adhicary; N. Adhikari; R. X. Adhikari; V. K. Adkins; D. Agarwal; M. Agathos; M. Aghaei Abchouyeh; O. D. Aguiar; I. Aguilar; L. Aiello; A. Ain; T. Akutsu; S. Albanesi; R. A. Alfaidi; A. Al-Jodah; C. Alléné; A. Allocca; S. Al-Shammari; P. A. Altin; S. Alvarez-Lopez; A. Amato; L. Amez-Droz; A. Amorosi; C. Amra; A. Ananyeva; S. B. Anderson; W. G. Anderson; M. Andia; M. Ando; T. Andrade; N. Andres; M. Andrés-Carcasona; T. Andrić; J. Anglin; S. Ansoldi; J. M. Antelis; S. Antier; M. Aoumi; E. Z. Appavuravther; S. Appert; S. K. Apple; K. Arai; A. Araya; M. C. Araya; J. S. Areeda; L. Argianas; N. Aritomi; F. Armato; N. Arnaud; M. Arogeti; S. M. Aronson; G. Ashton; Y. Aso; M. Assiduo; S. Assis de Souza Melo; S. M. Aston; P. Astone; F. Attadio; F. Aubin; K. AultONeal; G. Avallone; S. Babak; F. Badaracco; C. Badger; S. Bae; S. Bagnasco; E. Bagui; J. G. Baier; L. Baiotti; R. Bajpai; T. Baka; M. Ball; G. Ballardin; S. W. Ballmer; S. Banagiri; B. Banerjee; D. Bankar; P. Baral; J. C. Barayoga; B. C. Barish; D. Barker; P. Barneo; F. Barone; B. Barr; L. Barsotti; M. Barsuglia; D. Barta; A. M. Bartoletti; M. A. Barton; I. Bartos; S. Basak; A. Basalaev; R. Bassiri; A. Basti; D. E. Bates; M. Bawaj; P. Baxi; J. C. Bayley; A. C. Baylor; P. A. Baynard; M. Bazzan; V. M. Bedakihale; F. Beirnaert; M. Bejger; D. Belardinelli; A. S. Bell; V. Benedetto; W. Benoit; J. D. Bentley; M. Ben Yaala; S. Bera; M. Berbel; F. Bergamin; B. K. Berger; S. Bernuzzi; M. Beroiz; D. Bersanetti; A. Bertolini; J. Betzwieser; D. Beveridge; N. Bevins; R. Bhandare; U. Bhardwaj; R. Bhatt; D. Bhattacharjee; S. Bhaumik; S. Bhowmick; A. Bianchi; I. A. Bilenko; G. Billingsley; A. Binetti; S. Bini; O. Birnholtz; S. Biscoveanu; A. Bisht; M. Bitossi; M. A. Bizouard; J. K. Blackburn; L. A. Blagg; C. D. Blair; D. G. Blair; F. Bobba; N. Bode; G. Boileau; M. Boldrini; G. N. Bolingbroke; A. Bolliand; L. D. Bonavena; R. Bondarescu; F. Bondu; E. Bonilla; M. S. Bonilla; A. Bonino; R. Bonnand; P. Booker; A. Borchers; V. Boschi; S. Bose; V. Bossilkov; V. Boudart; A. Boudon; A. Bozzi; C. Bradaschia; P. R. Brady; M. Braglia; A. Branch; M. Branchesi; J. Brandt; I. Braun; M. Breschi; T. Briant; A. Brillet; M. Brinkmann; P. Brockill; E. Brockmueller; A. F. Brooks; B. C. Brown; D. D. Brown; M. L. Brozzetti; S. Brunett; G. Bruno; R. Bruntz; J. Bryant; F. Bucci; J. Buchanan; O. Bulashenko; T. Bulik; H. J. Bulten; A. Buonanno; K. Burtnyk; R. Buscicchio; D. Buskulic; C. Buy; R. L. Byer; G. S. Cabourn Davies; G. Cabras; R. Cabrita; V. Cáceres-Barbosa; L. Cadonati; G. Cagnoli; C. Cahillane; J. Calderón Bustillo; T. A. Callister; E. Calloni; J. B. Camp; M. Canepa; G. Caneva Santoro; K. C. Cannon; H. Cao; L. A. Capistran; E. Capocasa; E. Capote; G. Carapella; F. Carbognani; M. Carlassara; J. B. Carlin; M. Carpinelli; G. Carrillo; J. J. Carter; G. Carullo; J. Casanueva Diaz; C. Casentini; S. Y. Castro-Lucas; S. Caudill; M. Cavaglià; R. Cavalieri; G. Cella; P. Cerdá-Durán; E. Cesarini; W. Chaibi; P. Chakraborty; S. Chalathadka Subrahmanya; J. C.L. Chan; M. Chan; K. Chandra; R. J. Chang; S. Chao; E. L. Charlton; P. Charlton; E. Chassande-Mottin; C. Chatterjee; Debarati Chatterjee; Deep Chatterjee; M. Chaturvedi; S. Chaty

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

Search for gravitational waves emitted from SN2023ixf

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration
, The Virgo Collaboration
, the KAGRA Collaboration
, A. G. Abac
, R. Abbott
, I. Abouelfettouh
, F. Acernese
, K. Ackley
, S. Adhicary
, N. Adhikari
, R. X. Adhikari
, V. K. Adkins
, D. Agarwal
, M. Agathos
, M. Aghaei Abchouyeh
, O. D. Aguiar
, I. Aguilar
, L. Aiello
, A. Ain
, T. Akutsu

S. Albanesi, R. A. Alfaidi, A. Al-Jodah, C. Alléné, A. Allocca, S. Al-Shammari, P. A. Altin, S. Alvarez-Lopez, A. Amato, L. Amez-Droz, A. Amorosi, C. Amra, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Andia, M. Ando, T. Andrade, N. Andres, M. Andrés-Carcasona, T. Andrić, J. Anglin, S. Ansoldi, J. M. Antelis, S. Antier, M. Aoumi, E. Z. Appavuravther, S. Appert, S. K. Apple, K. Arai, A. Araya, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, L. Argianas, N. Aritomi, F. Armato, N. Arnaud, M. Arogeti, S. M. Aronson, G. Ashton, Y. Aso, M. Assiduo, S. Assis de Souza Melo, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, F. Attadio, F. Aubin, K. AultONeal, G. Avallone, S. Babak, F. Badaracco, C. Badger, S. Bae, S. Bagnasco, E. Bagui, J. G. Baier, L. Baiotti, R. Bajpai, T. Baka, M. Ball, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, S. Banagiri, B. Banerjee, D. Bankar, P. Baral, J. C. Barayoga, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, P. Barneo, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, A. M. Bartoletti, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, S. Basak, A. Basalaev, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, D. E. Bates, M. Bawaj, P. Baxi, J. C. Bayley, A. C. Baylor, P. A. Baynard, M. Bazzan, V. M. Bedakihale, F. Beirnaert, M. Bejger, D. Belardinelli, A. S. Bell, V. Benedetto, W. Benoit, J. D. Bentley, M. Ben Yaala, S. Bera, M. Berbel, F. Bergamin, B. K. Berger, S. Bernuzzi, M. Beroiz, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, D. Beveridge, N. Bevins, R. Bhandare, U. Bhardwaj, R. Bhatt, D. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhaumik, S. Bhowmick, A. Bianchi, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, A. Binetti, S. Bini, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscoveanu, A. Bisht, M. Bitossi, M. A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, L. A. Blagg, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, F. Bobba, N. Bode, G. Boileau, M. Boldrini, G. N. Bolingbroke, A. Bolliand, L. D. Bonavena, R. Bondarescu, F. Bondu, E. Bonilla, M. S. Bonilla, A. Bonino, R. Bonnand, P. Booker, A. Borchers, V. Boschi, S. Bose, V. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, A. Boudon, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, M. Braglia, A. Branch, M. Branchesi, J. Brandt, I. Braun, M. Breschi, T. Briant, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, P. Brockill, E. Brockmueller, A. F. Brooks, B. C. Brown, D. D. Brown, M. L. Brozzetti, S. Brunett, G. Bruno, R. Bruntz, J. Bryant, F. Bucci, J. Buchanan, O. Bulashenko, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, K. Burtnyk, R. Buscicchio, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, R. L. Byer, G. S. Cabourn Davies, G. Cabras, R. Cabrita, V. Cáceres-Barbosa, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, J. Calderón Bustillo, T. A. Callister, E. Calloni, J. B. Camp, M. Canepa, G. Caneva Santoro, K. C. Cannon, H. Cao, L. A. Capistran, E. Capocasa, E. Capote, G. Carapella, F. Carbognani, M. Carlassara, J. B. Carlin, M. Carpinelli, G. Carrillo, J. J. Carter, G. Carullo, J. Casanueva Diaz, C. Casentini, S. Y. Castro-Lucas, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, R. Cavalieri, G. Cella, P. Cerdá-Durán, E. Cesarini, W. Chaibi, P. Chakraborty, S. Chalathadka Subrahmanya, J. C.L. Chan, M. Chan, K. Chandra, R. J. Chang, S. Chao, E. L. Charlton, P. Charlton, E. Chassande-Mottin, C. Chatterjee, Debarati Chatterjee, Deep Chatterjee, M. Chaturvedi, S. Chaty

Charles Sturt University

Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)
California Institute of Technology
LIGO Hanford Observatory
Salerno
Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo
University of Warwick
Pennsylvania State University
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Louisiana State University
University of Louvain
The Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
Queen Mary University of London
Sejong University
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
Stanford University
Università di Roma Tor Vergata
Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata
Cardiff University
Universiteit Antwerpen
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
INFN Sezione di Torino
Friedrich Schiller Universität
Università degli Studi di Torino
University of Glasgow
University of Western Australia
IN2P3 Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules
Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo
Australian National University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Maastricht University
Science Park
Université Libre de Bruxelles
Institut Fresnel
Université Paris-Saclay
University of Tokyo
University of Barcelona
Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Bellaterra
Leibniz Universität Hannover
Gran Sasso Science Institute
University of Florida
Università di Udine
Sezione di Trieste
Tecnológico de Monterrey
Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur
INFN
Dipartimento di Fisica
The University of Washington
California State University
Villanova University
Università degli Studi di Genova
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO)
Georgia Institute of Technology
Royal Holloway, University of London
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies
Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo
Sezione di Firenze
LIGO Livingston Observatory
Gran Sasso Science Institute
Università di Roma la Sapienza
Université de Strasbourg
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Université de Paris
King's College London
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information
Kenyon College
Osaka University
Utrecht University
University of Oregon
Syracuse University
Northwestern University
Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria “Scuola Medica Salernitana"
Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics
Concordia University Wisconsin
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Universität Hamburg
Università di Pisa
INFN
Università di Perugia
University of Michigan
University of Padua
Institute for Plasma Research India
Gent University
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences
University of Sannio at Benevento
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
University of Strathclyde
Universitat de les Illes Balears
Campus UAB
RRCAT
Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Colorado State University
Vrije University Amsterdam
Lomonosov Moscow State University
KU Leuven
Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications
Bar-Ilan University
University of Adelaide
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
UMR6082
University of Birmingham
Washington State University
University of Liege
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
Université Pierre et Marie Curie
Christopher Newport University
Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University
University of Maryland
Università Degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
Gruppo Collegato di Parma
Université de Toulouse
University of Portsmouth
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
University of Chicago
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Texas A&M University
University of Melbourne
Laboratori Nazionali Del Sud (LNS)
Niels Bohr Institute
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
University of Valencia
University of British Columbia
National Cheng Kung University
National Tsing Hua University
National Central University Taiwan
Vanderbilt University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19, during the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered ∼14% of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz, where we assume the gravitational-wave emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy 1 × 10⁻⁴ M_⊙c² and luminosity 2.6 × 10⁻⁴ M_⊙c² s⁻¹ for a source emitting at 82 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as 1.08, at frequencies above 1200 Hz, surpassing past results.

Original language	English
Article number	183
Pages (from-to)	1-23
Number of pages	23
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	985
Issue number	2
Early online date	22 May 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc681
Publication status	Published - 01 Jun 2025

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10.3847/1538-4357/adc681Licence: CC BY

605868972 published articleFinal published version, 3.14 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Aghaei Abchouyeh, M., Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., ... Chaty, S. (2025). Search for gravitational waves emitted from SN2023ixf. Astrophysical Journal, 985(2), 1-23. Article 183. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

@article{84c52210ee17444fa4a20b6a2f7d986a,

title = "Search for gravitational waves emitted from SN2023ixf",

abstract = "We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19, during the LIGO{\textendash}Virgo{\textendash}KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered ∼14\% of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz, where we assume the gravitational-wave emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy 1 {\texttimes} 10−4 M⊙c2 and luminosity 2.6 {\texttimes} 10−4 M⊙c2 s−1 for a source emitting at 82 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as 1.08, at frequencies above 1200 Hz, surpassing past results.",

author = "\{The LIGO Scientific Collaboration\} and \{The Virgo Collaboration\} and \{the KAGRA Collaboration\} and Abac, \{A. G.\} and R. Abbott and I. Abouelfettouh and F. Acernese and K. Ackley and S. Adhicary and N. Adhikari and Adhikari, \{R. X.\} and Adkins, \{V. K.\} and D. Agarwal and M. Agathos and \{Aghaei Abchouyeh\}, M. and Aguiar, \{O. D.\} and I. Aguilar and L. Aiello and A. Ain and T. Akutsu and S. Albanesi and Alfaidi, \{R. A.\} and A. Al-Jodah and C. All{\'e}n{\'e} and A. Allocca and S. Al-Shammari and Altin, \{P. A.\} and S. Alvarez-Lopez and A. Amato and L. Amez-Droz and A. Amorosi and C. Amra and A. Ananyeva and Anderson, \{S. B.\} and Anderson, \{W. G.\} and M. Andia and M. Ando and T. Andrade and N. Andres and M. Andr{\'e}s-Carcasona and T. Andri{\'c} and J. Anglin and S. Ansoldi and Antelis, \{J. M.\} and S. Antier and M. Aoumi and Appavuravther, \{E. Z.\} and S. Appert and Apple, \{S. K.\} and K. Arai and A. Araya and Araya, \{M. C.\} and Areeda, \{J. S.\} and L. Argianas and N. Aritomi and F. Armato and N. Arnaud and M. Arogeti and Aronson, \{S. M.\} and G. Ashton and Y. Aso and M. Assiduo and \{Assis de Souza Melo\}, S. and Aston, \{S. M.\} and P. Astone and F. Attadio and F. Aubin and K. AultONeal and G. Avallone and S. Babak and F. Badaracco and C. Badger and S. Bae and S. Bagnasco and E. Bagui and Baier, \{J. G.\} and L. Baiotti and R. Bajpai and T. Baka and M. Ball and G. Ballardin and Ballmer, \{S. W.\} and S. Banagiri and B. Banerjee and D. Bankar and P. Baral and Barayoga, \{J. C.\} and Barish, \{B. C.\} and D. Barker and P. Barneo and F. Barone and B. Barr and L. Barsotti and M. Barsuglia and D. Barta and Bartoletti, \{A. M.\} and Barton, \{M. A.\} and I. Bartos and S. Basak and A. Basalaev and R. Bassiri and A. Basti and Bates, \{D. E.\} and M. Bawaj and P. Baxi and Bayley, \{J. C.\} and Baylor, \{A. C.\} and Baynard, \{P. A.\} and M. Bazzan and Bedakihale, \{V. M.\} and F. Beirnaert and M. Bejger and D. Belardinelli and Bell, \{A. S.\} and V. Benedetto and W. Benoit and Bentley, \{J. D.\} and \{Ben Yaala\}, M. and S. Bera and M. Berbel and F. Bergamin and Berger, \{B. K.\} and S. Bernuzzi and M. Beroiz and D. Bersanetti and A. Bertolini and J. Betzwieser and D. Beveridge and N. Bevins and R. Bhandare and U. Bhardwaj and R. Bhatt and D. Bhattacharjee and S. Bhaumik and S. Bhowmick and A. Bianchi and Bilenko, \{I. A.\} and G. Billingsley and A. Binetti and S. Bini and O. Birnholtz and S. Biscoveanu and A. Bisht and M. Bitossi and Bizouard, \{M. A.\} and Blackburn, \{J. K.\} and Blagg, \{L. A.\} and Blair, \{C. D.\} and Blair, \{D. G.\} and F. Bobba and N. Bode and G. Boileau and M. Boldrini and Bolingbroke, \{G. N.\} and A. Bolliand and Bonavena, \{L. D.\} and R. Bondarescu and F. Bondu and E. Bonilla and Bonilla, \{M. S.\} and A. Bonino and R. Bonnand and P. Booker and A. Borchers and V. Boschi and S. Bose and V. Bossilkov and V. Boudart and A. Boudon and A. Bozzi and C. Bradaschia and Brady, \{P. R.\} and M. Braglia and A. Branch and M. Branchesi and J. Brandt and I. Braun and M. Breschi and T. Briant and A. Brillet and M. Brinkmann and P. Brockill and E. Brockmueller and Brooks, \{A. F.\} and Brown, \{B. C.\} and Brown, \{D. D.\} and Brozzetti, \{M. L.\} and S. Brunett and G. Bruno and R. Bruntz and J. Bryant and F. Bucci and J. Buchanan and O. Bulashenko and T. Bulik and Bulten, \{H. J.\} and A. Buonanno and K. Burtnyk and R. Buscicchio and D. Buskulic and C. Buy and Byer, \{R. L.\} and \{Cabourn Davies\}, \{G. S.\} and G. Cabras and R. Cabrita and V. C{\'a}ceres-Barbosa and L. Cadonati and G. Cagnoli and C. Cahillane and \{Calder{\'o}n Bustillo\}, J. and Callister, \{T. A.\} and E. Calloni and Camp, \{J. B.\} and M. Canepa and \{Caneva Santoro\}, G. and Cannon, \{K. C.\} and H. Cao and Capistran, \{L. A.\} and E. Capocasa and E. Capote and G. Carapella and F. Carbognani and M. Carlassara and Carlin, \{J. B.\} and M. Carpinelli and G. Carrillo and Carter, \{J. J.\} and G. Carullo and \{Casanueva Diaz\}, J. and C. Casentini and Castro-Lucas, \{S. Y.\} and S. Caudill and M. Cavagli{\`a} and R. Cavalieri and G. Cella and P. Cerd{\'a}-Dur{\'a}n and E. Cesarini and W. Chaibi and P. Chakraborty and \{Chalathadka Subrahmanya\}, S. and Chan, \{J. C.L.\} and M. Chan and K. Chandra and Chang, \{R. J.\} and S. Chao and Charlton, \{E. L.\} and P. Charlton and E. Chassande-Mottin and C. Chatterjee and Debarati Chatterjee and Deep Chatterjee and M. Chaturvedi and S. Chaty",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025. The Author(s).",

year = "2025",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/adc681",

language = "English",

volume = "985",

pages = "1--23",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "2",

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The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, AG, Abbott, R, Abouelfettouh, I, Acernese, F, Ackley, K, Adhicary, S, Adhikari, N, Adhikari, RX, Adkins, VK, Agarwal, D, Agathos, M, Aghaei Abchouyeh, M, Aguiar, OD, Aguilar, I, Aiello, L, Ain, A, Akutsu, T, Albanesi, S, Alfaidi, RA, Al-Jodah, A, Alléné, C, Allocca, A, Al-Shammari, S, Altin, PA, Alvarez-Lopez, S, Amato, A, Amez-Droz, L, Amorosi, A, Amra, C, Ananyeva, A, Anderson, SB, Anderson, WG, Andia, M, Ando, M, Andrade, T, Andres, N, Andrés-Carcasona, M, Andrić, T, Anglin, J, Ansoldi, S, Antelis, JM, Antier, S, Aoumi, M, Appavuravther, EZ, Appert, S, Apple, SK, Arai, K, Araya, A, Araya, MC, Areeda, JS, Argianas, L, Aritomi, N, Armato, F, Arnaud, N, Arogeti, M, Aronson, SM, Ashton, G, Aso, Y, Assiduo, M, Assis de Souza Melo, S, Aston, SM, Astone, P, Attadio, F, Aubin, F, AultONeal, K, Avallone, G, Babak, S, Badaracco, F, Badger, C, Bae, S, Bagnasco, S, Bagui, E, Baier, JG, Baiotti, L, Bajpai, R, Baka, T, Ball, M, Ballardin, G, Ballmer, SW, Banagiri, S, Banerjee, B, Bankar, D, Baral, P, Barayoga, JC, Barish, BC, Barker, D, Barneo, P, Barone, F, Barr, B, Barsotti, L, Barsuglia, M, Barta, D, Bartoletti, AM, Barton, MA, Bartos, I, Basak, S, Basalaev, A, Bassiri, R, Basti, A, Bates, DE, Bawaj, M, Baxi, P, Bayley, JC, Baylor, AC, Baynard, PA, Bazzan, M, Bedakihale, VM, Beirnaert, F, Bejger, M, Belardinelli, D, Bell, AS, Benedetto, V, Benoit, W, Bentley, JD, Ben Yaala, M, Bera, S, Berbel, M, Bergamin, F, Berger, BK, Bernuzzi, S, Beroiz, M, Bersanetti, D, Bertolini, A, Betzwieser, J, Beveridge, D, Bevins, N, Bhandare, R, Bhardwaj, U, Bhatt, R, Bhattacharjee, D, Bhaumik, S, Bhowmick, S, Bianchi, A, Bilenko, IA, Billingsley, G, Binetti, A, Bini, S, Birnholtz, O, Biscoveanu, S, Bisht, A, Bitossi, M, Bizouard, MA, Blackburn, JK, Blagg, LA, Blair, CD, Blair, DG, Bobba, F, Bode, N, Boileau, G, Boldrini, M, Bolingbroke, GN, Bolliand, A, Bonavena, LD, Bondarescu, R, Bondu, F, Bonilla, E, Bonilla, MS, Bonino, A, Bonnand, R, Booker, P, Borchers, A, Boschi, V, Bose, S, Bossilkov, V, Boudart, V, Boudon, A, Bozzi, A, Bradaschia, C, Brady, PR, Braglia, M, Branch, A, Branchesi, M, Brandt, J, Braun, I, Breschi, M, Briant, T, Brillet, A, Brinkmann, M, Brockill, P, Brockmueller, E, Brooks, AF, Brown, BC, Brown, DD, Brozzetti, ML, Brunett, S, Bruno, G, Bruntz, R, Bryant, J, Bucci, F, Buchanan, J, Bulashenko, O, Bulik, T, Bulten, HJ, Buonanno, A, Burtnyk, K, Buscicchio, R, Buskulic, D, Buy, C, Byer, RL, Cabourn Davies, GS, Cabras, G, Cabrita, R, Cáceres-Barbosa, V, Cadonati, L, Cagnoli, G, Cahillane, C, Calderón Bustillo, J, Callister, TA, Calloni, E, Camp, JB, Canepa, M, Caneva Santoro, G, Cannon, KC, Cao, H, Capistran, LA, Capocasa, E, Capote, E, Carapella, G, Carbognani, F, Carlassara, M, Carlin, JB, Carpinelli, M, Carrillo, G, Carter, JJ, Carullo, G, Casanueva Diaz, J, Casentini, C, Castro-Lucas, SY, Caudill, S, Cavaglià, M, Cavalieri, R, Cella, G, Cerdá-Durán, P, Cesarini, E, Chaibi, W, Chakraborty, P, Chalathadka Subrahmanya, S, Chan, JCL, Chan, M, Chandra, K, Chang, RJ, Chao, S, Charlton, EL, Charlton, P, Chassande-Mottin, E, Chatterjee, C, Chatterjee, D, Chatterjee, D, Chaturvedi, M & Chaty, S 2025, 'Search for gravitational waves emitted from SN2023ixf', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 985, no. 2, 183, pp. 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

TY - JOUR

T1 - Search for gravitational waves emitted from SN2023ixf

AU - The LIGO Scientific Collaboration

AU - The Virgo Collaboration

AU - the KAGRA Collaboration

AU - Abac, A. G.

AU - Abbott, R.

AU - Abouelfettouh, I.

AU - Acernese, F.

AU - Ackley, K.

AU - Adhicary, S.

AU - Adhikari, N.

AU - Adhikari, R. X.

AU - Adkins, V. K.

AU - Agarwal, D.

AU - Agathos, M.

AU - Aghaei Abchouyeh, M.

AU - Aguiar, O. D.

AU - Aguilar, I.

AU - Aiello, L.

AU - Ain, A.

AU - Akutsu, T.

AU - Albanesi, S.

AU - Alfaidi, R. A.

AU - Al-Jodah, A.

AU - Alléné, C.

AU - Allocca, A.

AU - Al-Shammari, S.

AU - Altin, P. A.

AU - Alvarez-Lopez, S.

AU - Amato, A.

AU - Amez-Droz, L.

AU - Amorosi, A.

AU - Amra, C.

AU - Ananyeva, A.

AU - Anderson, S. B.

AU - Anderson, W. G.

AU - Andia, M.

AU - Ando, M.

AU - Andrade, T.

AU - Andres, N.

AU - Andrés-Carcasona, M.

AU - Andrić, T.

AU - Anglin, J.

AU - Ansoldi, S.

AU - Antelis, J. M.

AU - Antier, S.

AU - Aoumi, M.

AU - Appavuravther, E. Z.

AU - Appert, S.

AU - Apple, S. K.

AU - Arai, K.

AU - Araya, A.

AU - Araya, M. C.

AU - Areeda, J. S.

AU - Argianas, L.

AU - Aritomi, N.

AU - Armato, F.

AU - Arnaud, N.

AU - Arogeti, M.

AU - Aronson, S. M.

AU - Ashton, G.

AU - Aso, Y.

AU - Assiduo, M.

AU - Assis de Souza Melo, S.

AU - Aston, S. M.

AU - Astone, P.

AU - Attadio, F.

AU - Aubin, F.

AU - AultONeal, K.

AU - Avallone, G.

AU - Babak, S.

AU - Badaracco, F.

AU - Badger, C.

AU - Bae, S.

AU - Bagnasco, S.

AU - Bagui, E.

AU - Baier, J. G.

AU - Baiotti, L.

AU - Bajpai, R.

AU - Baka, T.

AU - Ball, M.

AU - Ballardin, G.

AU - Ballmer, S. W.

AU - Banagiri, S.

AU - Banerjee, B.

AU - Bankar, D.

AU - Baral, P.

AU - Barayoga, J. C.

AU - Barish, B. C.

AU - Barker, D.

AU - Barneo, P.

AU - Barone, F.

AU - Barr, B.

AU - Barsotti, L.

AU - Barsuglia, M.

AU - Barta, D.

AU - Bartoletti, A. M.

AU - Barton, M. A.

AU - Bartos, I.

AU - Basak, S.

AU - Basalaev, A.

AU - Bassiri, R.

AU - Basti, A.

AU - Bates, D. E.

AU - Bawaj, M.

AU - Baxi, P.

AU - Bayley, J. C.

AU - Baylor, A. C.

AU - Baynard, P. A.

AU - Bazzan, M.

AU - Bedakihale, V. M.

AU - Beirnaert, F.

AU - Bejger, M.

AU - Belardinelli, D.

AU - Bell, A. S.

AU - Benedetto, V.

AU - Benoit, W.

AU - Bentley, J. D.

AU - Ben Yaala, M.

AU - Bera, S.

AU - Berbel, M.

AU - Bergamin, F.

AU - Berger, B. K.

AU - Bernuzzi, S.

AU - Beroiz, M.

AU - Bersanetti, D.

AU - Bertolini, A.

AU - Betzwieser, J.

AU - Beveridge, D.

AU - Bevins, N.

AU - Bhandare, R.

AU - Bhardwaj, U.

AU - Bhatt, R.

AU - Bhattacharjee, D.

AU - Bhaumik, S.

AU - Bhowmick, S.

AU - Bianchi, A.

AU - Bilenko, I. A.

AU - Billingsley, G.

AU - Binetti, A.

AU - Bini, S.

AU - Birnholtz, O.

AU - Biscoveanu, S.

AU - Bisht, A.

AU - Bitossi, M.

AU - Bizouard, M. A.

AU - Blackburn, J. K.

AU - Blagg, L. A.

AU - Blair, C. D.

AU - Blair, D. G.

AU - Bobba, F.

AU - Bode, N.

AU - Boileau, G.

AU - Boldrini, M.

AU - Bolingbroke, G. N.

AU - Bolliand, A.

AU - Bonavena, L. D.

AU - Bondarescu, R.

AU - Bondu, F.

AU - Bonilla, E.

AU - Bonilla, M. S.

AU - Bonino, A.

AU - Bonnand, R.

AU - Booker, P.

AU - Borchers, A.

AU - Boschi, V.

AU - Bose, S.

AU - Bossilkov, V.

AU - Boudart, V.

AU - Boudon, A.

AU - Bozzi, A.

AU - Bradaschia, C.

AU - Brady, P. R.

AU - Braglia, M.

AU - Branch, A.

AU - Branchesi, M.

AU - Brandt, J.

AU - Braun, I.

AU - Breschi, M.

AU - Briant, T.

AU - Brillet, A.

AU - Brinkmann, M.

AU - Brockill, P.

AU - Brockmueller, E.

AU - Brooks, A. F.

AU - Brown, B. C.

AU - Brown, D. D.

AU - Brozzetti, M. L.

AU - Brunett, S.

AU - Bruno, G.

AU - Bruntz, R.

AU - Bryant, J.

AU - Bucci, F.

AU - Buchanan, J.

AU - Bulashenko, O.

AU - Bulik, T.

AU - Bulten, H. J.

AU - Buonanno, A.

AU - Burtnyk, K.

AU - Buscicchio, R.

AU - Buskulic, D.

AU - Buy, C.

AU - Byer, R. L.

AU - Cabourn Davies, G. S.

AU - Cabras, G.

AU - Cabrita, R.

AU - Cáceres-Barbosa, V.

AU - Cadonati, L.

AU - Cagnoli, G.

AU - Cahillane, C.

AU - Calderón Bustillo, J.

AU - Callister, T. A.

AU - Calloni, E.

AU - Camp, J. B.

AU - Canepa, M.

AU - Caneva Santoro, G.

AU - Cannon, K. C.

AU - Cao, H.

AU - Capistran, L. A.

AU - Capocasa, E.

AU - Capote, E.

AU - Carapella, G.

AU - Carbognani, F.

AU - Carlassara, M.

AU - Carlin, J. B.

AU - Carpinelli, M.

AU - Carrillo, G.

AU - Carter, J. J.

AU - Carullo, G.

AU - Casanueva Diaz, J.

AU - Casentini, C.

AU - Castro-Lucas, S. Y.

AU - Caudill, S.

AU - Cavaglià, M.

AU - Cavalieri, R.

AU - Cella, G.

AU - Cerdá-Durán, P.

AU - Cesarini, E.

AU - Chaibi, W.

AU - Chakraborty, P.

AU - Chalathadka Subrahmanya, S.

AU - Chan, J. C.L.

AU - Chan, M.

AU - Chandra, K.

AU - Chang, R. J.

AU - Chao, S.

AU - Charlton, E. L.

AU - Charlton, P.

AU - Chassande-Mottin, E.

AU - Chatterjee, C.

AU - Chatterjee, Debarati

AU - Chatterjee, Deep

AU - Chaturvedi, M.

AU - Chaty, S.

PY - 2025/6/1

Y1 - 2025/6/1

N2 - We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19, during the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered ∼14% of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz, where we assume the gravitational-wave emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy 1 × 10−4 M⊙c2 and luminosity 2.6 × 10−4 M⊙c2 s−1 for a source emitting at 82 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as 1.08, at frequencies above 1200 Hz, surpassing past results.

AB - We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19, during the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered ∼14% of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz, where we assume the gravitational-wave emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy 1 × 10−4 M⊙c2 and luminosity 2.6 × 10−4 M⊙c2 s−1 for a source emitting at 82 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as 1.08, at frequencies above 1200 Hz, surpassing past results.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105006750730

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105006750730#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105006750730

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 985

SP - 1

EP - 23

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 183

ER -

Search for gravitational waves emitted from SN2023ixf

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