@article{4951904f2e5f4b9bb586d9faddab8ee8,
title = "Search for lensing signatures in the gravitational-wave observations from the first half of LIGO-Virgo's third observing run",
abstract = "We search for signatures of gravitational lensing in the gravitational-wave signals from compact binary coalescences detected by Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and Advanced Virgo during O3a, the first half of their third observing run. We study: (1) the expected rate of lensing at current detector sensitivity and the implications of a non-observation of strong lensing or a stochastic gravitational-wave background on the merger-rate density at high redshift; (2) how the interpretation of individual high-mass events would change if they were found to be lensed; (3) the possibility of multiple images due to strong lensing by galaxies or galaxy clusters; and (4) possible wave-optics effects due to point-mass microlenses. Several pairs of signals in the multiple-image analysis show similar parameters and, in this sense, are nominally consistent with the strong lensing hypothesis. However, taking into account population priors, selection effects, and the prior odds against lensing, these events do not provide sufficient evidence for lensing. Overall, we find no compelling evidence for lensing in the observed gravitational-wave signals from any of these analyses.",
author = "{LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration} and R. Abbott and Abbott, {T. D.} and S. Abraham and F. Acernese and K. Ackley and A. Adams and C. Adams and Adhikari, {R. X.} and Adya, {V. B.} and C. Affeldt and D. Agarwal and M. Agathos and K. Agatsuma and N. Aggarwal and Aguiar, {O. D.} and L. Aiello and A. Ain and P. Ajith and Aleman, {K. M.} and G. Allen and A. Allocca and Altin, {P. A.} and A. Amato and S. Anand and A. Ananyeva and Anderson, {S. B.} and Anderson, {W. G.} and Angelova, {S. V.} and S. Ansoldi and Antelis, {J. M.} and S. Antier and S. Appert and K. Arai and Araya, {M. C.} and Areeda, {J. S.} and M. Arene and N. Arnaud and Aronson, {S. M.} and Arun, {K. G.} and Y. Asali and G. Ashton and Aston, {S. M.} and P. Astone and F. Aubin and P. Aufmuth and K. Aultoneal and C. Austin and S. Babak and F. Badaracco and Bader, {M. K.M.} and S. Bae and Baer, {A. M.} and S. Bagnasco and Y. Bai and J. Baird and M. Ball and G. Ballardin and Ballmer, {S. W.} and M. Bals and A. Balsamo and G. Baltus and S. Banagiri and D. Bankar and Bankar, {R. S.} and Barayoga, {J. C.} and C. Barbieri and Barish, {B. C.} and D. Barker and P. Barneo and F. Barone and B. Barr and L. Barsotti and M. Barsuglia and D. Barta and J. Bartlett and Barton, {M. A.} and I. Bartos and R. Bassiri and A. Basti and M. Bawaj and Bayley, {J. C.} and Baylor, {A. C.} and M. Bazzan and B. B{\'e}csy and Bedakihale, {V. M.} and M. Bejger and I. Belahcene and V. Benedetto and D. Beniwal and Benjamin, {M. G.} and Bennett, {T. F.} and Bentley, {J. D.} and M. Benyaala and F. Bergamin and Berger, {B. K.} and S. Bernuzzi and Berry, {C. P.L.} and D. Bersanetti and A. Bertolini and J. Betzwieser and R. Bhandare and Bhandari, {A. V.} and D. Bhattacharjee and S. Bhaumik and J. Bidler and Bilenko, {I. A.} and G. Billingsley and R. Birney and O. Birnholtz and S. Biscans and M. Bischi and S. Biscoveanu and A. Bisht and B. Biswas and M. Bitossi and Bizouard, {M. A.} and Blackburn, {J. K.} and J. Blackman and Blair, {C. D.} and Blair, {D. G.} and Blair, {R. M.} and F. Bobba and N. Bode and M. Boer and G. Bogaert and M. Boldrini and F. Bondu and E. Bonilla and R. Bonnand and P. Booker and Boom, {B. A.} and R. Bork and V. Boschi and N. Bose and S. Bose and V. Bossilkov and V. Boudart and Y. Bouffanais and A. Bozzi and C. Bradaschia and Brady, {P. R.} and A. Bramley and A. Branch and M. Branchesi and Brau, {J. E.} and M. Breschi and T. Briant and Briggs, {J. H.} and A. Brillet and M. Brinkmann and P. Brockill and Brooks, {A. F.} and J. Brooks and Brown, {D. D.} and S. Brunett and G. Bruno and R. Bruntz and J. Bryant and A. Buikema and T. Bulik and Bulten, {H. J.} and A. Buonanno and R. Buscicchio and D. Buskulic and Byer, {R. L.} and L. Cadonati and M. Caesar and G. Cagnoli and C. Cahillane and Iii, {H. W.Cain} and Bustillo, {J. Calder{\'o}n} and Callaghan, {J. D.} and Callister, {T. A.} and E. Calloni and Camp, {J. B.} and M. Canepa and M. Cannavacciuolo and Cannon, {K. C.} and H. Cao and J. Cao and E. Capote and G. Carapella and F. Carbognani and Carlin, {J. B.} and Carney, {M. F.} and M. Carpinelli and G. Carullo and Carver, {T. L.} and Diaz, {J. Casanueva} and C. Casentini and G. Castaldi and S. Caudill and M. Cavaglia and F. Cavalier and R. Cavalieri and G. Cella and P. Cerd{\'a}-Dur{\'a}n and E. Cesarini and W. Chaibi and K. Chakravarti and B. Champion and Chan, {C. H.} and Chan, {C. L.} and Chan, {C. L.} and K. Chandra and P. Chanial and S. Chao and P. Charlton and Chase, {E. A.} and E. Chassande-Mottin and D. Chatterjee and M. Chaturvedi and A. Chen and Chen, {H. Y.} and J. Chen and X. Chen and Y. Chen and Z. Chen and H. Cheng and Cheong, {C. K.} and Cheung, {H. Y.} and Chia, {H. Y.} and F. Chiadini and R. Chierici and A. Chincarini and Chiofalo, {M. L.} and A. Chiummo and G. Cho and Cho, {H. S.} and S. Choate and Choudhary, {R. K.} and S. Choudhary and N. Christensen and Q. Chu and S. Chua and Chung, {K. W.} and G. Ciani and P. Ciecielag and M. Cie{\'s}lar and M. Cifaldi and Ciobanu, {A. A.} and R. Ciolfi and F. Cipriano and A. Cirone and F. Clara and Clark, {E. N.} and Clark, {J. A.} and L. Clarke and P. Clearwater and S. Clesse",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
month = dec,
day = "7",
doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ac23db",
language = "English",
volume = "923",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal",
issn = "1538-4357",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "1",
}